Periodic Table & p-Block Elements
Trends, s-block, p-block and d-block element properties
Key Concepts
- Atomic radius decreases across a period; increases down a group
- Ionisation energy (IE₁) increases across period; decreases down group
- Electronegativity: F is the highest; increases across period, decreases down group
- Electron affinity: generally increases across period; Cl > F due to small size of F
- Diagonal relationship: elements diagonally adjacent have similar properties (Li–Mg, Be–Al)
Important Formulae
| Slater's shielding constant (σ) | Z_eff = Z − σ (effective nuclear charge) |
Quick Tips
- IE₁ of N > O because N has a stable half-filled p subshell (3 unpaired electrons).
- Transition metals show variable oxidation states due to involvement of d electrons.
- Lanthanide contraction: f electrons shield poorly → similar radii for lanthanides and 5d elements.
Sample Practice Questions
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Electronegativity generally increases:
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Answer: Across period (left to right) and up a group
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Atomic radius generally decreases across a period from left to right because:
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Answer: Increasing nuclear charge attracts electrons closer
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Which period contains elements with 4f electrons being filled?
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Answer: Period 6 (lanthanides)
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Which group of elements has the general valence configuration ns²np⁶?
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Answer: Group 18 (Noble gases)
Practice Questions
Practice 20 randomly selected NEET questions on Periodic Table & p-Block Elements. Answers are revealed after each question.
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What are the key concepts in Periodic Table & p-Block Elements for NEET?
Atomic radius decreases across a period; increases down a group; Ionisation energy (IE₁) increases across period; decreases down group; Electronegativity: F is the highest; increases across period, decreases down group; Electron affinity: generally increases across period; Cl > F due to small size of F; Diagonal relationship: elements diagonally adjacent have similar properties (Li–Mg, Be–Al).
Which formulae are important for Periodic Table & p-Block Elements in NEET?
Slater's shielding constant (σ): Z_eff = Z − σ (effective nuclear charge).
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