Biomolecules & Polymers
Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, polymers
Key Concepts
- Carbohydrates: polyhydroxy aldehydes/ketones; monosaccharides (glucose), disaccharides (sucrose), polysaccharides (starch)
- Proteins: polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; 4 levels of structure
- Lipids: fats and oils — triesters of glycerol and fatty acids
- Nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribose, A-T-G-C) and RNA (ribose, A-U-G-C)
- Enzymes: biological catalysts; highly specific; denatured by heat and extreme pH
Important Formulae
| Glucose molecular formula | C₆H₁₂O₆ |
| Peptide bond formation | −COOH + H₂N− → −CO−NH− + H₂O |
Quick Tips
- In DNA: A pairs with T (2 H-bonds); G pairs with C (3 H-bonds).
- Sucrose = glucose + fructose; maltose = glucose + glucose; lactose = glucose + galactose.
- Essential amino acids cannot be synthesised by the body — must come from diet (e.g., lysine, leucine).
Sample Practice Questions
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The peptide bond is formed between:
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Answer: −COOH of one amino acid and −NH₂ of another
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Vitamins are classified as fat-soluble or water-soluble. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is:
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Answer: Water-soluble
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The alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet are examples of protein:
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Answer: Secondary structure
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Nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a sugar and:
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Answer: Phosphate group
Practice Questions
Practice 20 randomly selected NEET questions on Biomolecules & Polymers. Answers are revealed after each question.
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What are the key concepts in Biomolecules & Polymers for NEET?
Carbohydrates: polyhydroxy aldehydes/ketones; monosaccharides (glucose), disaccharides (sucrose), polysaccharides (starch); Proteins: polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; 4 levels of structure; Lipids: fats and oils — triesters of glycerol and fatty acids; Nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribose, A-T-G-C) and RNA (ribose, A-U-G-C); Enzymes: biological catalysts; highly specific; denatured by heat and extreme pH.
Which formulae are important for Biomolecules & Polymers in NEET?
Glucose molecular formula: C₆H₁₂O₆; Peptide bond formation: −COOH + H₂N− → −CO−NH− + H₂O.
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