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Organic Chemistry

Hydrocarbons, halides, alcohols, carbonyl and aromatic compounds

Key Concepts
  • IUPAC nomenclature: identify longest chain, number from end closest to principal group
  • Isomerism: structural (chain, position, functional group) and stereoisomerism
  • Inductive effect: electron-withdrawing or -donating through σ bonds
  • Resonance (mesomeric effect): delocalisation through π bonds
  • Reaction types: substitution (SN1, SN2), addition, elimination (E1, E2)
Important Formulae
Degree of unsaturation DoU = (2C + 2 + N − H − X) / 2
Markovnikov's rule H adds to carbon with more H; X to carbon with fewer H
Quick Tips
  • SN2: primary substrates, inversion of configuration, bimolecular, polar aprotic solvents.
  • SN1: tertiary substrates, racemisation, carbocation intermediate, polar protic solvents.
  • Aromaticity: planar, conjugated, 4n+2 π electrons (Hückel's rule) — benzene (n=1, 6π).
Sample Practice Questions

  1. Carboxylic acids have the functional group:

    • −OH
    • −CHO
    • −COOH
    • −CO−
    Show answer

    Answer: −COOH

  2. Electrophiles are:

    • Electron-rich species
    • Electron-deficient species (Lewis acids)
    • Neutral species
    • Free radicals
    Show answer

    Answer: Electron-deficient species (Lewis acids)

  3. Grignard reagent is:

    • Organolithium compound
    • Organomagnesium halide (RMgX)
    • Organic peroxide
    • Alkyl halide
    Show answer

    Answer: Organomagnesium halide (RMgX)

  4. Markovnikov's rule applies to addition of HX to:

    • Symmetrical alkenes
    • Unsymmetrical alkenes
    • Alkynes only
    • Aromatic rings
    Show answer

    Answer: Unsymmetrical alkenes

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Practice Questions

Practice 20 randomly selected NEET questions on Organic Chemistry. Answers are revealed after each question.

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