Organic Chemistry
Hydrocarbons, halides, alcohols, carbonyl and aromatic compounds
Key Concepts
- IUPAC nomenclature: identify longest chain, number from end closest to principal group
- Isomerism: structural (chain, position, functional group) and stereoisomerism
- Inductive effect: electron-withdrawing or -donating through σ bonds
- Resonance (mesomeric effect): delocalisation through π bonds
- Reaction types: substitution (SN1, SN2), addition, elimination (E1, E2)
Important Formulae
| Degree of unsaturation | DoU = (2C + 2 + N − H − X) / 2 |
| Markovnikov's rule | H adds to carbon with more H; X to carbon with fewer H |
Quick Tips
- SN2: primary substrates, inversion of configuration, bimolecular, polar aprotic solvents.
- SN1: tertiary substrates, racemisation, carbocation intermediate, polar protic solvents.
- Aromaticity: planar, conjugated, 4n+2 π electrons (Hückel's rule) — benzene (n=1, 6π).
Sample Practice Questions
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Carboxylic acids have the functional group:
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Answer: −COOH
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Geometrical (cis-trans) isomerism is possible due to restricted rotation around:
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Answer: C=C double bond
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Nucleophiles are:
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Answer: Electron-rich species (Lewis bases)
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Resonance stabilisation of carboxylate ion makes carboxylic acids:
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Answer: More acidic than alcohols
Practice Questions
Practice 20 randomly selected NEET questions on Organic Chemistry. Answers are revealed after each question.
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What are the key concepts in Organic Chemistry for NEET?
IUPAC nomenclature: identify longest chain, number from end closest to principal group; Isomerism: structural (chain, position, functional group) and stereoisomerism; Inductive effect: electron-withdrawing or -donating through σ bonds; Resonance (mesomeric effect): delocalisation through π bonds; Reaction types: substitution (SN1, SN2), addition, elimination (E1, E2).
Which formulae are important for Organic Chemistry in NEET?
Degree of unsaturation: DoU = (2C + 2 + N − H − X) / 2; Markovnikov's rule: H adds to carbon with more H; X to carbon with fewer H.
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