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Evolution

Origin of life, Darwin's theory, Hardy-Weinberg, speciation

Key Concepts
  • Darwin's theory: natural selection acts on heritable variation
  • Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: allele frequencies constant in absence of evolution
  • Speciation: allopatric (geographic isolation) vs sympatric (same area)
  • Analogous organs: similar function, different origin (convergent evolution)
  • Homologous organs: similar origin, different function (divergent evolution)
Important Formulae
Hardy-Weinberg p + q = 1; p² + 2pq + q² = 1
Quick Tips
  • Miller-Urey experiment: amino acids formed from inorganic molecules + energy under early Earth conditions.
  • Genetic drift: random change in allele frequency, most significant in small populations.
  • Lamarck: inheritance of acquired characters (wrong); Darwin: natural selection (correct mechanism).
Sample Practice Questions

  1. Genetic drift is most significant in:

    • Large populations
    • Small populations
    • All populations equally
    • Asexually reproducing organisms
    Show answer

    Answer: Small populations

  2. Industrial melanism in peppered moth is an example of:

    • Genetic drift
    • Natural selection
    • Mutation
    • Migration
    Show answer

    Answer: Natural selection

  3. Homo sapiens evolved in:

    • Asia
    • Europe
    • Africa
    • Australia
    Show answer

    Answer: Africa

  4. Convergent evolution produces:

    • Homologous structures
    • Analogous structures in unrelated species
    • Same DNA sequences
    • Same embryonic origin
    Show answer

    Answer: Analogous structures in unrelated species

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Practice Questions

Practice 20 randomly selected NEET questions on Evolution. Answers are revealed after each question.

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Biology Topics