Biotechnology
Recombinant DNA, PCR, gene cloning, applications
Key Concepts
- Recombinant DNA technology: cut DNA with restriction enzymes, join with ligase, insert into vector
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction): amplifies specific DNA sequences exponentially
- Gel electrophoresis: separates DNA fragments by size (smaller moves further)
- Transgenic organisms: genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with foreign genes
- CRISPR-Cas9: precise genome editing tool
Important Formulae
| PCR cycles vs copies | After n cycles: 2ⁿ copies of target DNA |
Quick Tips
- Restriction enzymes recognise specific palindromic sequences and cut DNA — molecular scissors.
- Bt toxin (from Bacillus thuringiensis) is used in transgenic Bt cotton and Bt corn to resist insects.
- Humulin: human insulin produced by recombinant E. coli — first commercial biotech drug.
Sample Practice Questions
-
Gene therapy involves:
Show answer
Answer: Introducing functional genes to correct genetic disorder
-
Monoclonal antibodies are produced by:
Show answer
Answer: Hybridoma cells (fused B cell + myeloma cell)
-
The first recombinant DNA vaccine commercialised was for:
Show answer
Answer: Hepatitis B
-
Bt cotton is genetically modified to produce toxin from:
Show answer
Answer: Bacillus thuringiensis
Practice Questions
Practice 20 randomly selected NEET questions on Biotechnology. Answers are revealed after each question.
Start Practice →Frequently Asked Questions
What are the key concepts in Biotechnology for NEET?
Recombinant DNA technology: cut DNA with restriction enzymes, join with ligase, insert into vector; PCR (polymerase chain reaction): amplifies specific DNA sequences exponentially; Gel electrophoresis: separates DNA fragments by size (smaller moves further); Transgenic organisms: genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with foreign genes; CRISPR-Cas9: precise genome editing tool.
Which formulae are important for Biotechnology in NEET?
PCR cycles vs copies: After n cycles: 2ⁿ copies of target DNA.
How can I practise NEET Biotechnology questions for free?
Practise free NEET Biotechnology questions with instant answers and explanations on Safe Learning for Kids — no sign-up required.