Organic Chemistry: Basics & Hydrocarbons
IUPAC nomenclature, isomerism, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and arenes
Key Concepts
- IUPAC nomenclature: longest chain, lowest locants for the principal group
- Isomerism: structural (chain, position, functional) and stereoisomerism
- Electronic effects: inductive, resonance and hyperconjugation
- Reaction mechanisms: SN1/SN2 substitution and E1/E2 elimination
- Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov addition to alkenes
Important Formulae
| Degree of unsaturation | DoU = (2C + 2 + N − H − X)/2 |
| Carbocation stability | 3° > 2° > 1° > methyl |
| Markovnikov's rule | H adds to the carbon with more H atoms |
Quick Tips
- SN2: primary substrates, inversion of configuration, polar aprotic solvents.
- SN1: tertiary substrates, racemisation, carbocation intermediate.
- Aromaticity (Hückel): planar, conjugated and 4n+2 π electrons.
Sample Practice Questions
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The number of π electrons in a benzene ring is:
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Answer: 6
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The hybridisation of the carbon atoms in ethyne (C₂H₂) is:
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Answer: sp
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An SN2 reaction proceeds with:
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Answer: Inversion of configuration
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The general molecular formula of alkanes is:
Show answer
Answer: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
Practice Questions
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What are the key concepts in Organic Chemistry: Basics & Hydrocarbons for JEE?
IUPAC nomenclature: longest chain, lowest locants for the principal group; Isomerism: structural (chain, position, functional) and stereoisomerism; Electronic effects: inductive, resonance and hyperconjugation; Reaction mechanisms: SN1/SN2 substitution and E1/E2 elimination; Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov addition to alkenes.
Which formulae are important for Organic Chemistry: Basics & Hydrocarbons in JEE?
Degree of unsaturation: DoU = (2C + 2 + N − H − X)/2; Carbocation stability: 3° > 2° > 1° > methyl; Markovnikov's rule: H adds to the carbon with more H atoms.
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