Inference & Reasoning

Extended Inference

Upper Level inference questions may require synthesising information from multiple paragraphs or understanding subtle implications.

Ask: "What conclusion must follow from what the author says?" — not merely what could follow. The correct answer is the one that cannot be false given the passage.

Author Perspective & Bias

Questions may ask about the author's perspective, assumptions, or unstated beliefs.

• Look for word choice that reveals attitude (e.g., "unfortunately", "surprisingly", "clearly").
• Identify what the author takes for granted — claims made without evidence.
• Consider what is left out — whose voices or perspectives are absent?