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Organic Chemistry

Hydrocarbons, halides, alcohols, carbonyl and aromatic compounds

Key Concepts
  • IUPAC nomenclature: identify longest chain, number from end closest to principal group
  • Isomerism: structural (chain, position, functional group) and stereoisomerism
  • Inductive effect: electron-withdrawing or -donating through σ bonds
  • Resonance (mesomeric effect): delocalisation through π bonds
  • Reaction types: substitution (SN1, SN2), addition, elimination (E1, E2)
Important Formulae
Degree of unsaturation DoU = (2C + 2 + N − H − X) / 2
Markovnikov's rule H adds to carbon with more H; X to carbon with fewer H
Quick Tips
  • SN2: primary substrates, inversion of configuration, bimolecular, polar aprotic solvents.
  • SN1: tertiary substrates, racemisation, carbocation intermediate, polar protic solvents.
  • Aromaticity: planar, conjugated, 4n+2 π electrons (Hückel's rule) — benzene (n=1, 6π).
Practice Questions

Practice 20 randomly selected NEET questions on Organic Chemistry. Answers are revealed after each question.

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